The title of this paper was chosen because of the difference in the valuation of forest functions by the various interest groups (such as economists, ecologists, foresters, and environmentalists). It generalizes the main question: ‘Valuation of forest functions: is a financial yield the only evaluation of forest functions?’ (Here, the term ‘financial yield’ is used in the broadest sense possible, i.e., every valuation of forest functions in monetary units is considered to be a financial yield).

Answers to the questions are given by means of descriptions of forest functions and their valuation. These descriptions are very general and are limited because a more complete review would be impossible within the confines of this paper.

Read more here.